By Dawn Michelle LaGuerre –
The Passing of a Civil Rights Icon
The civil rights community lost one of its most formidable champions on March 1, 2025, when Dr. Hazel N. Dukes passed away peacefully at her New York City home at the age of 92. Known affectionately as “Mama Dukes” to generations of activists and political leaders, her seven-decade career fighting for racial justice, voting rights, and equality leaves an indelible mark on American history.
Born in Montgomery, Alabama in 1932, Dukes witnessed firsthand the brutal realities of segregation before relocating to New York in 1955. What followed was an extraordinary journey of public service that would shape policy, mentor future leaders, and advance the cause of civil rights through some of America’s most turbulent and transformative periods.
A Lifetime of Breaking Barriers
Dr. Dukes’ remarkable career began with a historic achievement in 1966 when she became the first Black employee in the Nassau County Attorney’s Office. This breakthrough moment foreshadowed a lifetime of shattering glass ceilings and creating pathways for others to follow.
Her leadership extended far beyond symbolic firsts. As president of the NAACP New York State Conference for nearly five decades, Dukes built a reputation as a fearless advocate who understood that meaningful change required connecting business, government, and social causes. Her approach to activism was both principled and pragmatic, focusing on actionable agendas rather than mere rhetoric.
“She was a force of nature for justice and an activist of the highest order,” reflected Reverend Al Sharpton, who worked alongside Dukes for more than 40 years. “She made a difference, and we will forever be indebted to her.”
Political Influence and Trusted Counsel
Few civil rights leaders commanded the respect and influence that Dr. Dukes held in political circles. Her counsel was sought by governors, mayors, and national leaders who recognized her unparalleled understanding of community needs and political realities.
In 2023, she made history by administering the oath of office to New York Governor Kathy Hochul, becoming the first layperson in the nation to do so for a governor. This symbolic moment highlighted the deep trust political leaders placed in her judgment and integrity.
“She called me her daughter. That means the world to me,” Governor Hochul said following Dukes’ passing. “Her contributions to making our state and our country more just, more equitable, and more fair are impacts that will long endure after her passing.”
New York City Mayor Eric Adams, who ordered flags lowered to half-staff in tribute, remembered Dukes as a “trusted advisor, a cherished friend, and a guiding light during some of my most challenging times.”
Paving the Way for Black Women in Politics
Dr. Dukes played a pivotal role in advancing Black women’s leadership in American politics. In 1972, she took the stage at the Democratic National Convention to second the presidential candidacy of Shirley Chisholm, the first Black woman to run for a major party’s nomination.
Decades later, Dukes was instrumental in former President Joe Biden’s decision to choose a Black woman as his 2020 running mate. Her career-long fight was bookended by former Vice President Kamala Harris’ historic 2024 presidential campaign.
“I’m just proud of Kamala. I’m just excited if I can live to see this happen. It would be the joy of my life,” Dukes said in a CBS interview last year, demonstrating her continued passion for progress even in her final days.
Honors and Recognition
Dr. Dukes’ extraordinary contributions earned her numerous accolades throughout her lifetime. In 2023, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton presented her with the NAACP’s highest honor — the Spingarn Medal. Upon receiving this prestigious recognition, Dukes declared, “I’m not tired yet,” pledging to continue her advocacy and empower the next generation of NAACP leaders.
Her other honors included the Ellis Island Medal of Honor, the YWCA City of New York John La Farge Memorial Award for Interracial Justice, and The Network Journal’s 25 Most Influential Black Women in Business Award.
Beyond these formal recognitions, perhaps her greatest achievement was the respect she commanded across political and ideological lines. Even those who disagreed with her positions acknowledged her unwavering integrity and commitment to justice.
A Legacy That Demands Action
As tributes pour in from across the nation, the most fitting memorial to Dr. Dukes’ life would be renewed commitment to the causes she championed. Her approach to activism offers valuable lessons for today’s social justice movements:
- Build bridges between different sectors of society
- Maintain unwavering principles while seeking practical solutions
- Mentor the next generation of leaders
- Speak truth to power without fear
- Remain engaged and active throughout life
NAACP President and CEO Derrick Johnson captured her essence perfectly: “Dr. Hazel N. Dukes’s legacy will remain a powerful inspiration to us all. She was a fearless leader who stood firm in her words and a beacon of strength in the ongoing fight for civil rights. She represented the best of who we are.”
The Work Continues
Dr. Dukes is survived by her son, Ronald Dukes, and countless individuals who were inspired by her life’s work. As we reflect on her extraordinary journey from Montgomery, Alabama to the highest corridors of power in New York, we’re reminded that the fight for justice requires both patience and persistence.
In an era of increasing polarization and cynicism about social change, Dr. Dukes’ life stands as powerful testimony to what dedicated activism can accomplish. The best way to honor her memory is to continue her work with the same courage, wisdom, and determination that defined her remarkable life.
As we say goodbye to this civil rights giant, let us pick up the mantle she carried for so long. The struggle for equality and justice continues, and as Dr. Dukes would surely remind us, there is still much work to be done.
